2013년 11월 24일 일요일

About 'medical supply warehouse'|Why I Think ‘Edgepark Medical Supplies’ Sucks







About 'medical supply warehouse'|Why I Think ‘Edgepark Medical Supplies’ Sucks








Forward               Today               you               are               the               Criminal.

Yesterday,               before               your               arrest,               you               were               a               thirty-four               year               old               law               abiding               citizen.

You               held               a               double               associates               degree               and               had               worked               at               the               same               job               for               nine               years.

Your               friends,               family,               and               colleagues               would               describe               you               as               a               pillar               to               society               until               one               dark               night               in               April               2002               when               a               crime               of               passion               changed               your               life               forever.
               It's               one-o-clock               in               the               morning.

The               police               break               through               your               bedroom               door.

As               you               stare               down               the               barrel               of               a               9mm               glock,               you               watch               your               past               flash               before               your               eyes.

Your               flight               or               fight               instincts               click               in.

You               wonder               if               you               should               rush               the               officer               and               risk               being               killed               in               your               attempt               to               escape,               or               if               you               should               surrender               and               allow               yourself               to               be               arrested.

You               consider               your               family,               place               your               hands               in               the               air,               and               surrender.

An               officer               administers               you               the               Miranda               Rights.

"You               have               the               right               to               remain               silent,               anything               you               say               can               and               will               be               used               against               you               in               a               court               of               law.

You               have               the               right               to               an               attorney,               if               you               cannot               afford               an               attorney               one               will               be               appointed               for               you.

Do               you               understand               ..."               His               words               are               white               noise               compared               to               the               voice               of               fear               that               rings               in               your               mind.

You               nod,               turn,               and               allow               the               officer               to               place               cold               steal               cuffs               tightly               on               your               wrists.

After               a               brief               waiting               period               you               are               carried               down               town               to               the               station               wearing               nothing               but               your               pants               and               shirt.

The               cold,               concrete               floor               stings               your               feet.

Once               there               you               are               placed               in               a               holding               cell.

You               are               stripped               of               your               personal               property,               including               your               wedding               ring.

You               are               finger               printed,               provided               an               inmate               number,               and               photographed;               this               is               a               process               that               could               take               up               to               twenty-four               hours.
               Once               your               booking               process               is               complete,               you               are               transferred               to               an               intake               center.

Because               you               are               a               potential               candidate               for               a               special               sentence,               you               pay               a               visit               to               a               specifically               trained               social               worker.

This               man               has               the               reputation               of               being               the               hardest               in               his               field               to               receive               a               recommendation               from.

You               sit               nervously               as               you               are               asked               hundreds               of               questions.

You               answer               honestly               and               then               are               dismissed.
               The               next               stage               consists               of               a               polygraph               test.

You               enter               a               room.

The               administer               of               said               test               asks               you               to               sign               a               waver.

Without               delay,               you               submit               your               signature               to               his               document.

He               begins               to               tape               wires               to               various               places               on               your               body.

After               a               few               test               questions,               he               begins               to               ask               intimate               details               about               your               alleged               crime.

The               time               passes               ever               so               slowly               until               it               eventually               ends.

You               breathe               a               sigh               of               relief               when               he               informs               you               that               you               passed.

Passing               this               test               earns               you               the               recommendation               you               had               hoped               for.

With               this               recommendation               you               can               participate               in               treatment               instead               of               receiving               a               long               tern               prison               sentence.
               You               spend               the               next               six               months               in               jail               without               bail.

You               quickly               learn               that               your               rights               to               a               speedy               trial               are               nothing               short               of               a               false               illusion.

You               also               learn               that               despite               popular               belief,               you               are               NOT               innocent               until               proven               guilty.

Once               arrested,               you               are               tagged               with               a               label               that               you               must               fight               to               free               yourself               from               or               live               with               for               the               rest               of               your               life.
               Upon               sentencing,               your               original               feelings               of               relief               turn               into               your               worst               nightmare.

Witnesses               sprout               complete               lies,               letters               of               recommendations               are               left               unread,               and               your               own               court               appointed               attorney               silences               those               who               could               speak               positively               on               your               behalf.

The               judge               announces               that               you               will               spend               the               next               ten               years               of               your               life               behind               bars,               without               the               possibility               of               parole.

You               may               however               receive               up               to               fifteen               percent               good               time               if               you               work               the               system.

As               you               walk               away               you               turn               and               watch               your               spouse's               tears               fall               silently               down               their               cheek.
               Two               months               later,               you               are               told               to               place               your               personal               property               into               boxes               to               be               shipped               home.

You               are               told               that               you               cannot               even               keep               your               commissary               items.

You               are               hand               cuffed,               shackled,               and               driven               four               hours               away               from               civilization               to               a               transfer               center               where               you               will               undergo               psychological               tests               to               determine               your               classification.
               Once               the               tests               are               complete,               you               are               counseled               about               possible               placement.

You               ask               for               the               facility               that               can               offer               the               best               rehabilitation               programs.

After               three               months               you               are               transferred               to               a               Medium               Security               Facility,               but               not               the               one               the               counselor               assured               you               that               you               would               be               sent               to.

You               are               new               to               the               scene               but               realize               quickly               that               there               are               few               real               jobs,               no               educational               opportunities,               and               your               religion               is               not               recognized               by               the               Department               of               Corrections.

When               you               ask               about               rehabilitation               programs,               you               are               told               that               you               will               not               be               eligible               for               these               programs               until               you               are               two               years               from               your               expected               release               date.

When               you               attempt               to               discuss               your               crime,               you               are               told               that               you               must               only               speak               about               current               issues.

You               try               to               explain               that               the               anxiety,               nightmares               and               depression               are               associated               with               your               sentence,               and               that               you               must               discuss               the               crime               in               order               to               understand               the               impact               it               is               having               on               your               life;               but               no               one               cares.

You               have               been               tagged               with               a               title               by               the               system.

You               are               no               longer               human.

You               are               just               another               number.

Your               reality               is               becoming               clouded               by               false               illusions.

Are               you               really               a               monster?

The               truth               is               hidden               behind               the               title               and               depression               takes               over.

Instead               of               providing               adequate               psychological               care,               they               place               you               on               several               experimental               medications.

One               time               you               even               spend               four               days               in               the               hospital               because               a               nurse               "accidentally"               overdosed               you.

This,               of               course,               is               quickly               swept               under               the               rug               and               hidden               from               public               record.

Despite               the               use               of               prescribed               medication,               you               continue               to               experience               severe               anxiety.

You               are               now               not               only               depressed,               but               you               are               also               lethargic.

If               you               log               a               complaint               to               authorities               no               one               would               listen,               because               no               one               cares.

You               hide               your               emotions               in               fear               of               retaliation.

You               could               tell               your               family,               but               haven't               you               worried               them               enough?

This               isn't               bad               enough,               they               tell               you               that               you               have               been               placed               at               the               most               advanced               facility               in               the               state.

You               are               all               alone,               a               mere               shadow               of               society,               an               animal               in               a               cage.

You               have               no               rights,               no               privileges,               no               voice.

You               begin               to               wonder               if               you               will               survive.
               What's               The               Purpose?
               I               became               interested               in               the               Criminal               Justice               System               when               I               was               only               twelve               years               old.

As               an               abused               child               I               was               molested               worse               by               the               system               meant               to               protect               me,               than               by               the               stepfather               who               abused               me.

He               received               six               months               probation               for               stealing               my               virtue               and               re-offended               less               than               three               years               later.

I               recall               thinking               to               myself               that               the               system               had               not               only               failed               him,               but               that               it               had               also               failed               his               next               victim.

If               they               had               provided               David               Spencer               with               intense               psychological               treatment,               he               would               have               been               equipped               with               the               resources               that               may               have               possibly               prevent               his               re-offense.
               The               story               on               the               previous               page               has               been               based               on               a               true               story               about               my               fiancé.

The               prison               system               influences               his               actions               and               emotions.

When               they               neglect               his               needs,               it               affects               me.

When               they               provide               adequate               services,               it               affects               me.

I've               seen               the               pain,               witnessed               the               neglect               and               have               chosen               to               dedicate               my               life               to               "Change".

I               have               learned               that               the               only               way               that               change               will               happen               is               if               every               day               citizens               educate               them               selves               and               get               involved.
               Over               View
               This               paper               will               provide               you               with               professional               opinions               from               those               who               have               worked               with               offenders,               the               voice               of               everyday               citizens               that               have               been               influenced               by               crime,               historical               events,               and               theories               regarding               criminality               that               have               influenced               how               inmates               are               processed               with               in               the               system.

You               will               be               provided               with               evidence               that               may               very               well               sway               the               most               skeptical               heart.

Criminals               are               not               animals.

They               are               human               beings               that               need               to               be               re-taught               to               function.

Many               of               these               individuals               have               risen               from               dysfunctional               families,               suffered               abuse,               and               have               lacked               moral               teaching.

Others               have               simply               lost               sight               of               reality               and               on               a               spare               of               a               moment,               without               thinking               allowed               passion               to               take               control.

Anyone               can               become               an               offender               or               an               offender's               victim.

All               it               takes               is               an               unexpected,               uncontrollable               reaction               by               a               normally               emotionally               secure               individual.

Remember               as               you               embark               on               this               journey,               the               dysfunction               of               the               American               Prison               System               affects               YOU!
               What               Does               the               Past               Tell               Us               About               Criminal               Theory?
               When               forming               an               opinion               concerning               criminal               behavior,               one               should               examine               the               variety               of               research               that               is               available.

Extensive               studies,               completed               by               successful               psychologists,               and               sociologists               have               proven               that               rehabilitation               is               beneficial.

These               studies               provide               an               insight               into               the               criminal               mind,               reduces               misconceptions,               and               allow               us               to               improve               the               techniques               used               by               today's               society.

Weather               you               feel               the               System's               job               is               to               Rehabilitate,               Punish,               or               contain               and               Control,               it's               important               that               you               make               an               informed               decision.

Your               involvement               can               make               an               enormous               difference.
               According               to               The               mid               1800's               Classical               Theory               of               Crime,               criminals               make               rational               decisions               after               weighing               out               the               consequences               of               their               actions               (Adler               59).

Because               of               this               thought               process,               many               people               believe               that               inmates               receive               too               many               perks               while               being               incarcerated.

They               believe               punishment               should               be               harsh               in               order               to               prevent               re-offense.

Classical               theorists/followers               believe               that               if               you               make               examples               of               those               who               commit               crimes,               you               will               deter               not               only               the               offender,               but               also               others               from               making               the               same               decisions.

This               is               not               actually               true.

Psychology               has               discovered               differently.

The               brain               has               two               functions.

The               first               function               is               to               understand               the               world               around               us.

The               second               function               is               to               reduce               pain               (Baugher).

When               a               person               observes               another               being               punished               it               inflicts               a               type               of               pain.

This               pain               may               temporarily               affect               the               person               but               soon               their               brain               will               block               the               feelings               and               replace               them               with               the               words,               "It               will               never               happen               to               me."               (Baugher)               Even               if               the               older               version               of               the               Classical               theory               is               correct,               it               still               doesn't               explain               why               people               commit               crime,               nor               does               it               promote               the               rehabilitation               needed               to               prevent               re-offense.

It               can               however               be               noted               that               Beccaria,               a               classical               theorist,               went               on               record               as               saying               "It's               better               to               prevent               than               to               punish               them"               There               fore               it               can               also               be               stated               that               despite               his               connection               to               the               Classical               Theory               of               crime,               he               was               certain,               the               best               method               of               preventing               crime               was               to               create               the               perfect               education               system               (Adler               62-64).
               Education               of               criminals               seems               to               be               widely               recognized               by               numerous               theories.

Not               only               do               these               theories               support               rehabilitation,               they               also               provide               an               in-sight               into               the               criminal               mind.

The               following               theories               suggest               that               criminal               behavior               can               be               turned               around.

If               given               the               proper               means,               an               offender               can               become               a               productive               member               of               society.

The               Moral               Development               Theory,               developed               by               Kohlberg,               in               1970,               suggests               that               criminal               behavior               is               a               result               of               a               lack               of               morals               being               taught               during               childhood               (Adler               86-88).

It               suggests               that               offenders               be               taught               values.

Robert               Merton's               Strain               Theory               of               1938,suggests               that               children               who               grow               up               in               low-income               families,               live               in               low-income               neighborhoods,               and               receive               minimum               education,               tend               to               turn               to               crime               as               a               technique               for               survival               (Adler               117-124,               144).

Basically,               this               means               that               our               society               first               creates               criminals               then               punishes               them               for               reacting               as               they               do.

Cohen's               Social               Bond               Theory               of               1966suggests               that               the               stronger               a               person's               bond               is               with               others,               the               less               likely               a               person               is               to               engage               in               criminal               activities               (Adler               144-147,               158,               162).

This               theory               suggests               that               a               criminal               lacks               specific               bonds               that               would               other               wise               have               prevented               the               offense               in               the               first               place.

Burgess               and               Akers               Differential               Association-Reinforcement               Theory               of               1985,               basically               states,               that               a               person               will               seek               pleasure               and               avoid               pain.

It               states               that               behavior               is               influenced               by               both               material               and               emotional               reinforcement               supplied               by               an               individual's               surroundings               (including               peers,               family               and               society).

Thus               being               another               theory               that               implies               that               a               person               can               be               taught               to               interact               appropriately               within               society               (Adler               95,               135-138).
               With               a               hundred               years               of               criminal               studies,               one               would               think               that               rehabilitation               would               be               taken               more               seriously.

This               is               not               the               case.

Offenders               are               no               longer               receiving               the               services               necessary               to               turn               their               lives               around.

American               Prisons               have               been               striped               clean               of               rehabilitation               services               by               the               new               'Get               Tough               On               Crime'               Movement,               which               began               in               the               1990's               (American               Prisons               26).

This               movement               began               because               of               people               like               Robert               Martinson,               who               was               a               "Get               Tough"               activist.

He               went               on               record               saying               that               the               rehabilitation               services               had               no               bearing               on               the               recidivism               rate               of               offender               (Encyclopedia               157).

This               theory's               main               focus               seems               to               be               on               removing               an               offender               from               society               for               longer               periods               of               time,               and               eliminating               parole               in               hopes               that               harsher               prison               sentences               will               effectively               detour               crime.

Get               tough               on               crime               is               a               mythological               theory.

What               they               fail               to               realize               is               that               criminals               are               human               beings               with               physical,               spiritual,               educational               and               emotional               needs               that               must               be               met               to               ensure               that               every               step               is               taken               to               prevent               re-offense.

Getting               tough               should               not               mean               warehousing               inmates               and               ignoring               their               basic               human               needs.

The               Get               tough               on               crime               movement               has               done               nothing               more               than               lock               offenders               away               for               longer               periods               of               time               with               hardened               criminals               and               then               released               them               back               into               society               unskilled               and               even               more               psychologically               corrupt               than               when               they               first               entered               the               system.

It's               illogical               to               believe               that               these               actions               will               reduce               recidivism;               even               Robert               Martinson               began               recanting               his               words               before               his               death               (Encyclopedia               157).
               What               is               Rehabilitation?
               According               to               Is               Prison               Reform               Possible,               a               book               written               by               Dr.

William               Conte,               "rehabilitation               means               to               advance               an               individual               and               assist               them               in               their               effort               to               become               law               biding,               productive               citizens               and               taxpayers"(12).

He               states               "prison               reform               is               not               coddling               a               prisoner               (12).

Instead               it's               an               effort               to               deal               positively               with               one               small               aspect               of               the               crime               problem               and               add               a               measure               of               prevention               against               further               offense"               (12).

Conte               suggests               that               offenders               be               provided               with               treatment               and               education               instead               of               simply               being               warehoused               as               they               are               now.

(12)               Research               shows               that               rehabilitation               is               in               everyone's               best               interest               including               the               prisoner,               the               potential               victim,               and               the               taxpayer               who               foots               the               bill               of               imprisonment.
               Are               Rehabilitation               Services               Available?
               The               Washington               Department               of               Corrections               Guide               for               Friends               and               Family               of               incarcerated               offenders               publicly               reports               that               an               inmate               is               provided               with               adequate               rehabilitation               services.

(State               of               Washington)               For               Monroe               Special               Offenders               Unit,               it               reports               that               an               offender               can               participate               in               psycho               educational               services,               self               management               skills               training,               chemical               dependency               counseling,               human               sexuality               classes,               living               skill               training,               social               skills               training,               and               anger               and               stress               management.

It               also               states               that               inmates               are               offered               adequate               counseling,               occupational               therapy,               recreation,               volunteer               programs,               and               prerelease               activities               (Doc               Guide               4,               12).

Despite               these               claims,               offenders               report               that               at               most,               prisons               offer               only               a               handful               of               rehabilitation               and               real               retraining               programs               that               they               can               take               advantage               of.

Many               offenders               face               daily               barriers               concerning               counseling/               self-improvement               services.

(Anonymous               #1,2,3)
               Statistics
               Most               people               would               agree               that               people               who               commit               crimes               deserve               punishment.

However,               Is               the               judicial               system,               as               we               know               it               really               fair               and               just?

Does               it               rehabilitate               the               offenders               who               will               once               again               walk               our               city               streets               or               does               it               simply               warehouse               those               individuals,               and               release               them               back               into               society.
               When               One-hundred               Highline               Community               College               Students,               ages               seventeen               to               forty-one,               were               asked               to               fill               out               a               survey               called               Rehabilitation               Verses               Harsher               Punishment,               90.48%               had               never               been               arrested               or               incarcerated.

69.77%               knew               someone               who               had               been.

79.31%               of               those               who               completed               the               survey               supported               rehabilitation               of               offenders;               a               stark               contrast               when               compared               to               existing               dada               concerning               the               Department               of               Corrections               and               the               offenders               under               their               care               (Montgomery).
               Over               the               years,               multiple               studies               have               been               completed               concerning               inmate               population               and               recidivism               rates.

Though               these               studies               vary               in               numbers,               one               thing               stands               out;               the               incarceration               and               recidivism               rates               are               rising.

In               one               cohort,               88,000               offenders               were               studied.

Of               these               offenders               82%               had               previous               arrest               records,               70%               had               been               previously               convicted,               and               46%               had               spent               a               minimum               of               three               months               incarcerated               (Encyclopedia               215-216).
               A               look               At               the               Washington               Inmate               Population               Summary               shows               a               drastic               increase               of               incarcerated               offenders.

In               2003               Washington               housed               16,199               offenders               of               various               criminal               backgrounds.

This               is               a               65.69%               increase               from               those               incarcerated               in               1994               (Adult               Correctional).

Even               more               specific,               Walla               Walla               State               Prison               inmate               population               rose               from               1380               to               2482               inmates               between               1994               to               2004.

This               is               a               56%               increase               (McShane).
               Another               study               provides               distinctive               pro               and               con               scenario               of               rehabilitation.

Two               cohorts               of               110               inmates               were               observed.

One               set               were               provided               rehabilitation               services               and               the               other               was               simply               released               with               out               any               services               what               so               ever.

After               28               months               the               offenders               were               reevaluated.

25.4%               of               those               released               without               services               had               re-offended;               where               as               only               13.6%               of               those               who               had               been               received               skills               training               re-offended               (Encyclopedia               215-16).
               In               1994,               67.5%               of               prisoners               released               in               the               United               States               were               rearrested               within               3               years               (Reentry).

With               inmates               being               released               every               fourteen               minutes               (American               Prisons               35),               this               means               that               approximately               one               hundred               un-rehabilitated               inmates               a               day,               some               with               violent               tendencies,               will               become               free               to               interact               with               your               family.

It's               scary               to               think               that               670,169               adult               offenders               were               on               parole               at               the               end               of               2002               (Reentry               Trends).

Think               about               it.

This               means               if               the               1994               statistics               repeats               themselves               then               452,364               offenders               will               be               reentering               society               this               year;               some               of               them               for               the               second               or               third               time               in               ten               years.
               These               statistics               cannot               be               over               looked.

It               is               time               to               re-evaluate               our               philosophies.

The               system               is               responsible               for               the               safety               of               our               citizens.

We               do               not               measure               the               success               of               a               surgeon               by               the               number               of               bodies               in               the               morgue.

We               measure               their               success               by               the               number               of               individuals               who               are               able               to               function               and               contribute               to               society.

The               same               method               should               be               used               to               measure               the               success               of               our               nations               corrections               system.

Incarceration               without               proper               rehabilitation               services               is               simply               irresponsible.

All               the               "Get               Touch               On               Crime"               movement               does               is               increase               the               burden               of               American               Taxpayers.
               Are               Offenders               privileges               A               Necessity               For               Rehabilitation?
               85.71%               of               the               100               students               and               faculty               surveyed               at               Highline               Community               College               believed               that               offenders               should               receive               human               treatment,               61.11%               believed               that               offenders               should               be               permitted               to               utilize               weight-training               devices,               and               53.66%               believed               that               offenders               should               be               allowed               the               privilege               of               television.

Since               the               participants               of               the               survey               were               assumed               to               be               educated               individuals,               the               results               from               this               portion               of               the               survey               were               the               most               alarming               of               all               (Montgomery).
               46.34%               of               the               students               who               were               asked               if               television               should               be               available               along               with               21.88%               of               those               asked               if               offenders               should               be               permitted               to               use               weights               answered               no.

They               presume               that               because               an               offender               has               committed               an               illegal               act               they               should               not               receive               privileges               (Montgomery).

They               felt               that               the               Government               over               spends               its               budget               and               should               spend               the               money               on               more               beneficial               purposes.

They               felt               that               offenders               should               be               forced               to               spend               their               time               thinking               about               the               issues               that               brought               them               to               prison               to               begin               with               instead               of               "Beefing               Up".

One               sarcastic               individual               even               went               on               record               saying,               they               would               approve               of               weights               only               because               "[the               offender]               will               look               better               on               the               death               table."               Maybe               these               individuals               would               change               their               mind               if               they               were               forced               to               lose               everything               they               hold               dear,               and               do               their               time               without               an               opportunity               to               release               the               frustration               and               anxiety               associated               with               this               loss.
               It's               easy               to               view               extra               curricular               activities               as               amenities.

However,               in               many               instances,               amenities               are               helpful               during               the               rehabilitation               process.

It               is               a               "Carrot               verses               the               Stick"               situation.

If               an               offender               follows               the               rules               set               forth               then               they               receive               certain               privileges               (carrot).

If               the               offender               fails               to               adhere               to               said               rules,               then               they               lose               privileges               (stick).

Usually               creating               a               win-win               situation.
               In               1996,               eight               hundred               prison               staff               was               surveyed               by               Sam               Houston               University.

Less               than               25%               of               those               surveyed               felt               that               amenities               should               be               eliminated               from               the               offenders'               daily               life.

The               majority               of               the               staff               felt               that               extra               curricular               activities               have               several               purposes.

They               said               that               allowing               an               offender               to               release               built               up               tension               reduces               boredom,               decreases               negative               attitudes,               and               reduces               anxiety               thus               helping               the               officers               in               charge               manage               the               offenders'               actions.

Over               all               this               provides               positive               interaction               between               offenders               and               staff               members               (Encyclopedia               36).
               The               fact               is,               these               low               cost               amenities               are               financed               through               inmate               funds               (Encyclopedia               280).

Inmates               must               pay               $3.00               for               cable               weather               they               utilize               the               service               or               not.

The               privilege               of               weight               training               costs               the               offender               $5.00               a               month               (Doc               Guide               56),               and               only               those               inmates               that               "earn"               this               activity               may               participate               (Doc               56).

For               most               offenders               this               is               the               only               free               time               activity               they               have               to               fulfill               their               time.

(Anonymous               #3)               Since               this               information               is               not               common               public               knowledge,               it               is               probably               the               number               one               contributing               factor               leading               to               public               misconception.

As               for               offenders               "Beefing               Up",               when               was               the               last               you               heard               of               anyone               being               attacked               by               a               weight               lifting               x-con?

Over               all,               "the               absence               of               normal               human               interactions,               and               reasonable               mental               stimulus               and               almost               anything               that               makes               life               bearable               is               emotionally,               physically               and               psychologically               destructive."               (Herman).
               Are               Offenders               Denied               Psychological               Care?
               As               early               as               1870,               rehabilitation               was               recognized               as               having               an               importance.

"The               supreme               aim               of               prison               discipline"               is               rehabilitating               the               persons               "without               infliction               of               vindictive               suffering"               (Transaction).

If               this               is               true,               then               why               do               more               individuals               leave               the               system               just               as               disturbed               if               not               worse               than               when               they               entered?
               The               well-known               Stanford               University               Experiment               of               1971               shows               first               hand               how               normally               psychologically               healthy,               intelligent,               people               can               become               distraught,               rebellious,               paranoid               and               depressed               individuals               when               placed               in               a               prison               setting               (A               Simulation               Study).

Disorganized,               irrational,               thought               process               coupled               by               negative               self-judgment               is               often               caused               by               this               experience.

These               feelings               are               often               followed               by               extreme               crying               spells,               screaming               fits,               withdraw               or               other               emotional               breakdowns.

Further               more,               a               prison               sentence               can               create               psychosomatic               symptoms               such               as               loss               of               appetite,               skin               disorders               or               worse               physical               sickness               (A               Simulation               Study).

Unlike               the               Sanford               Prison               Experiment               participants,               an               average               offender               cannot               terminate               their               sentence               on               the               grounds               of               psychological               deterioration.
               "On               any               given               day,               it               is               estimated               that               about               70,000               inmates               in               U.S.

prisons               are               psychotic.

Anywhere               from               200,000               to               300,000               male               and               female               prison               inmates               suffer               from               mental               disorders               such               as               schizophrenia,               bipolar               disorder               and               major               depression.

Prisons               hold               three               times               more               people               with               mental               illness               than               do               psychiatric               hospitals,               and               U.S.

prisoners               have               rates               of               mental               illness               that               are               up               to               four               times               greater               than               rates               for               the               general               population."               (Kanapaux,               2004)
               According               to               a               1999               Department               of               Justice               report,               at               least               16               percent               of               the               total               jail               and               prison               population,               or               nearly               300,000               inmates,               have               a               serious               mental               illness               this               is               more               than               four               times               the               number               in               state               mental               hospitals.

Like               in               the               free               world,               many               cases               maintain               an               invisible               state               during               these               studies               therefore               this               can               be               considered               only               an               estimate.

This               means               not               only               have               they               been               unrecognized,               but               also               undiagnosed               and               untreated.

When               their               mental               illness               is               a               contributing               factor               to               their               crime,               and               it               remains               untreated               it               opens               the               doors               to               the               reoccurrence               of               the               crime.

The               professionals               in               charge               of               these               situations               seldom               do               more               than               load               the               population               with               drugs               and               keep               them               sedated.

(As               in               my               fiancé's               case)               Often               the               psychological               care               is               outright               refused.

The               Washington               D.O.C.

web               site               states               that               as               an               inmate               approaches               release               they               are               eligible               for               more               opportunities               such               as               rehabilitation               programs               (State).

This               is               neither               good               enough               nor               humane.
               Offenders               more               often               than               not               emerge               from               dysfunctional               families               and               have               been               saturated               by               abuse,               neglect,               and               abandonment.

These               incidences               often               shape               the               future               actions               of               those               involved.

When               criminal               behavior               develops               from               the               shadows               of               yesterday,               one               needs               to               spend               time               evaluating               those               circumstances.

The               process               of               diagnosing               and               effectively               treating               a               mental               illness               takes               time.

The               cognitive               programs               used               by               many               correctional               facilities               often               ignore               past               influences               and               focus               on               the               "here               and               now".

They               are               meant               to               treat               observable               behaviors               such               as               anger               management,               and               communication               skills.

They               seldom               allow               the               offender               to               discuss               the               details               of               their               offense;               let               alone               the               root               cause.

In               situations               such               as               described               above,               in-depth               psychotherapy               would               better               prepare               the               offender               to               adequately               deal               with,               the               anxiety,               depression,               phobias,               and               internal               conflicts               associated               with               their               current               incarceration               However,               the               cost               differences               between               Cognitive               Programs               and               In-depth               Psychotherapy,               create               an               additional               crack               in               an               already               fractured               budget.

Therefore               the               use               of               In-depth               psychotherapy               is               sorely               neglected               and               critically               mentally               ill               patients               often               remain               untreated,               and               cast               aside               (Mc               Shane).

By               doing               so,               the               system               meant               to               protect               actually               contributes               to               the               core               problem               that               increases               recidivism               among               released               offenders.

Over               all               the               cost               of               in-depth               Psychotherapy               isn't               as               horrific               as               the               cost               of               recidivism,               especially               when               70%               of               reoccurrence               happens               amongst               violent               offenders               (Re-entry).
               Are               Offenders               Denied               Proper               Medical               Attention?
               'The               Washington               Department               of               Corrections               betrays               the               public,               saying               that               they               provide               adequate               dental               care               (DOC               Guide,               46)               when               something               as               simple               as               getting               a               tooth               pulled               can               take               six               months               or               longer.

Prisoners               with               chipped               teeth               and               partially               exposed               nerves               who               can't               even               eat               on               one               side               of               their               mouth               can               wait               just               as               long               for               a               simple               filling.

The               only               way               around               this               is               to               declare               a               medical               emergency               to               have               it               taken               care               of,               but               to               declare               one               you               must               be               in               constant               excruciating               pain.

If               officers               do               not               believe               the               problem               to               be               an               emergency,               some               will               not               let               the               inmate               go               to               the               medical               building.

If               they               do               allow               an               inmate               to               go,               and               the               medical               staff               assesses               there               to               be               a               lack               of               emergency               according               to               D.O.C.

policy,               then               they               will               return               the               inmate               to               their               unit               untreated.

The               inmate               then               faces               possible               written               reprimand,               and               possibly               incarceration               in               what               is               commonly               known               as               "the               hole"               (Solitary               Confinement)               for               abusing               the               system               (Anonymous               #1,2,3).

There               is               no               wonder               that               so               many               inmates               require               partial,               or               full               dental               plates               well               before               their               time.

Their               medical               needs               are               not               handled               any               better               either.
               As               of               August               21,               2002,               Washington               had               over               two-dozen               medical               neglect               Lawsuit               cases               pending               against               them.

These               cases               include,               John               Rickert               Jr.

a               mentally               disturbed               inmate               who               died               in               1993               because               prison               staff               failed               to               recognize               issues               with               medication,               nutrition,               and               hygiene.

Joseph               Johnson               who               became               blind               in               1995               because               the               medical               team               failed               to               provide               necessary               optical               care               after               his               retina               was               injured               during               a               physical               confrontation               with               another               inmate,               and               Charles               Snipes               who               died               in               1998               because               the               prison               staff               failed               to               address               his               respiratory               problems.

Between               1992               and               2002,               Washington               taxpayers               have               spent               more               than               $1.26               million               due               to               medical               neglect.

(Galloway).

The               Geneva               Convention               outlaws               medical               neglect               for               P.O.W.s               (Genevia).

It's               a               sad               day               when               our               country               places               a               greater               concern               to               prisoners               of               war               from               other               countries,               than               on               our               own               people.

You               the               taxpayers,               supporters               of               our               Government,               are               paying               for               medical               neglect.

This               is               a               waste               of               your               money.

The               1.2               million               dollars               could               have               been               used               to               treat               and               rehabilitate               the               offenders,               it               would               have               cost               far               less.
               Are               Offenders               Denied               Education               and               Vocational               Training?
               The               days               of               bachelors               and               masters               degrees               earned               in               prison               are               long               since               passed.

All               post-secondary               education               funds               were               cut               as               of               1995.

Inmates               are               no               longer               illegible               to               utilize               State/Federal               grants               to               further               their               education.

Therefore,               what               little               can               be               done               in               this               area               must               be               done               via               the               United               States               mail               and               at               the               prisoners'               expense               (Kohl-Welles).

This               is               detrimental               to               offenders               like               the               one               who               wrote               the               note               to               authorities               that               was               published               in               The               San               Deigo               Union               Tribune               on               July               2,               1995.

The               note               said,               "Please               give               me               some               education               or               training               because               I               don't               want               to               come               back               to               prison"               (Hartman).

Basically,               unless               an               offender               has               large               amounts               of               money               coming               in               from               the               outside,               they               must               wait               for               what               are               called               industrial               jobs               that               have               longer               waiting               lists               than               the               educational/vocational               programs.

These               jobs               are               only               offered               at               a               small               selection               of               institutions               (DOC               Guide               5-18).

I               am               not               saying               let's               pay               for               a               top-notch               education,               but               lets               at               least               give               them               the               educational               opportunities               they               need               if               they               are               to               return               to               society               and               once               again               become               productive               citizens.
               Financial               support               is               not               the               only               existing               barrier.

Many               of               the               current               programs               have               waiting               lists               that               once               an               offender               signs               up               can               take               up               to               a               year               to               attend               (Anonymous               #1,3).

Washington               Facilities               offer               a               variety               of               different               educational               programs               including               Adult               Basic               Education,               ESL,               Vocational               Training,               Anger/Stress               Management,               and               Victim               Awareness,               along               with               High               School               Completion               for               underage               offenders               (Doc               Guide               54).

There               is               nothing               normally               wrong               with               the               programs               themselves,               but               when               a               prisoner               can               be               shipped               to               a               different               facility               in               the               middle               of               a               vocational               course               and               the               new               facility               (s)               he               arrives               at               teaches               on               a               different               level,               the               prisoner               goes               back               to               square               one.

Worse               is               the               possibility               that               the               offender               will               have               to               again               wait               on               a               list               to               get               back               into               class               or               have               to               start               all               over.

This               of               course               assuming               the               new               facility               has               the               same               educational               opportunities.

Each               facility               sets               its               own               policies               and               there               seems               to               be               no               statewide               mandate               to               assure               that               education               is               equal               at               all               facilities               (Doc               Guide               54).

It               can               be               a               bit               of               an               adjustment               going               from               one               facility               that               offers               carpentry,               welding,               and               computer               science               to               another               that               only               offers               horticulture               and               maybe               a               few               computers               related               courses               like               typing               (Anonymous               #3).
               .

When               Educational               opportunities               are               dismissed,               and               the               offender               is               unable               to               find               work               and               integrate               financially               into               society,               (s)               he               will               be               more               likely               return               to               prison               on               a               new               violation               because               they               were               never               taught               the               skills               needed               to               succeed.

In               the               end,               it               seems               less               expensive               to               teach               them               the               skills               to               make               it               when               they               return               to               our               world,               then               to               spend               the               money               to               continue               to               house               them               or               like               Washington               pay               other               states               to               house               them               for               us.

Washington               currently               contracts               with               High               Desert               State               Prison               in               Indian               Springs,               Nevada               to               house               Washington               inmates               at               a               rate               of               sixty               dollars               a               day               (Scott).

This               is               money               that               could               be               used               to               improve               the               quality               of               life               of               offenders,               Supply               them               with               adequate               rehabilitation,               prepare               them               to               reunite               with               society               and               therefore               lower               the               cost               to               taxpayers               because               the               recidivism               rate               would               decrease.

In               1989,               42%               of               all               offenders               had               some               type               of               learning               deficiency.

Of               those,               82%               were               classified               as               learning               disabled.

In               most               states,               education               has               reduced               recidivism               by               20%               (Mc               Shane,               159,               397).
               Are               Offenders               Denied               Proper               Nutrition?
               Like               most               individuals,               offenders               place               a               great               importance               on               the               flavor,               texture,               appearance               and               temperature               of               their               meals.

The               Department               of               Corrections               would               have               us               believe               that               "[o]ffenders               are               served               three               nutritional,               appetizing,               and               varied               meals               each               day."               (DOC               Guide               39).

Contrary               to               this               claim,               visitors               to               The               Stafford               Creek               Corrections               Center,               in               Aberdeen,               Washington               have               been               forced               to               watch               as               poor               quality               food               is               served               to               their               love               ones.

These               accusations               became               valid               for               me               when               I               witnessed,               first               hand,               the               meals               that               were               being               served.

I               observed               offenders               sitting               down               with               trays               consisting               of               cold,               bland,               under               cooked               or               burnt,               and               at               times               totally               uneatable               food.

From               that               moment               on,               I               made               sure               to               bring               enough               money               to               purchase               our               meals               from               the               vending               machines               of               the               visiting               room.

It's               not               unusual               for               an               offender               to               attempt               to               live               on               commodities               such               as               can               tuna,               top               ramen,               crackers,               and               chips               purchased               from               the               prison               store               rather               than               force               unappetizing               meals               into               their               bodies.

This               can               become               quite               costly               since               the               prison               system               charges               a               20%               markup               on               most               of               their               products.

For               example,               a               package               of               Top               Ramen               costs               $1.00               when               normal               civilians               can               purchase               a               case               of               Top               Ramen               for               $3.00               at               Grocery               Outlet.

(Anonymous               #1,               2,               3)               The               average               cost               of               an               offender's               daily               food               regiment               is               $3.13               a               day               (Mc               Shane).

Between               the               money               from               us               (the               tax               payers),               federal               money,               the               55%               the               prison               takes               out               from               money               sent               in               to               inmates,               and               the               20%               on               all               food               items               and               most               other               items               from               the               prison               store,               there               is               no               possible               excuse               for               such               low               quality               meals               (Anonymous               #3).
               Are               Offenders               Denied               Healthy               Living               Conditions?
               During               a               2002               visit               to               see               my               fiancé               at               The               Shelton               Correctional               Center               in               Shelton,               Washington,               I               stared               disgustingly               at               the               peeling               paint               and               dirty               floors               of               visitation               rooms.

I               recall               how               the               tears               slipped               from               my               eyes               as               my               mind               wondered               if               the               rest               of               the               facility               was               as               decrepitated               as               this               one.

When               he               entered               the               room               and               I               could               see               that               his               physical               condition               had               already               started               to               deteriorate               in               this               atmosphere.

He               was               dressed               in               a               faded               black,               poor               conditioned               jump               suit,               which               looked               as               if               it               should               have               been               thrown               away               five               years               ago.

His               once               glowing               skin               had               turned               a               pail               white,               and               his               shimmering               hair               no               longer               had               the               same               healthy               shine.

I               could               not               bring               myself               to               express               my               concerns;               instead               I               looked               deep               in               his               eyes,               picked               up               the               poor               quality               phone               receiver               and               enjoyed               our               thirty-minuet               visit               to               the               best               of               my               ability.
               According               to               Anonymous               Source               #3,               in               the               fall               of               2003,               Stafford               Creek               Correctional               Center,               located               in               Southwestern               Washington               lost               a               hot               water               tank               for               one               of               its               housing               units.

This               meant               no               hot               water               for               about               150-200               inmates.

This               outage               lasted               approximately               five               days.

Inmates               could               take               cold               showers               or               follow               a               devised               schedule               to               use               showers               on               another               unit.

Even               then,               they               were               only               scheduled               for               a               shower               every               two               to               three               days               and               little               thought               was               put               into               planning.

My               fiancé,               an               inmate               of               said               facility               was               scheduled               for               a               shower               an               hour               before               he               was               scheduled               for               a               mandatory               cardio               class.

Now               I               do               not               know               about               you,               but               I               for               one               prefer               my               showers               after               a               rigorous               work               out               not               before.

As               for               those               that               were               willing               to               go               to               another               unit               they               had               to               walk               to               one               of               three               other               units,               out               in               the               cold               rain,               with               their               supplies,               and               a               change               of               clothes.

This               walk               is               the               equivalent               of               1-3               blocks               depending               on               their               assigned               building.

Once               there               they               took               showers               while               the               inmates               from               that               unit               stared               from               their               windows,               then               return               again               to               their               unit               through               the               cold               rain.

Is               it               little               wonder               that               my               fiancé               was               willing               to               put               up               with               cold               showers?

The               Washington               State               Tenants               Union               states,               "If               you               cannot               use               a               major               plumbing               fixture,               or               the               refrigerator,               range               or               oven,               the               landlord               has               72               hours.

If               you               have               no               hot               or               cold               water,               heat               or               electricity,               or               something               that's               "imminently               hazardous               to               life,"               the               landlord               has               only               24               hours               [to               fix               the               problem]"               (Landlords).

It's               unfortunate               that               prisons               cannot               be               held               to               the               same               basic               standards               of               maintenance               that               the               people               we               rent               from               are               forced               to               abide               by.
               Are               Offenders               Denied               Freedom               of               Religion?
               Despite               a               popular               belief               that               offenders               "find               religion"               so               they               can               "manipulate"               the               system               (Mc               Shane               399),               some               inmates               actually               do               find               support               within               their               faith               while               incarcerated.

Others               are               not               so               lucky.

The               1st               Amendment               states               that               the               government               may               not               pass               laws               prohibiting               the               free               exercise               of               religion.

In               the               1972               case               of               Crus               v.

Beto,               a               judge               ruled               that               all               prisons               must               provide               an               opportunity               for               people               to               exercise               religious               beliefs.

This               freedom               was               to               be               extended               to               inmates               of               all               religions               including               those               of               non-mainstream               faiths.

Offenders               are               supposed               to               have               the               freedom               to               attend               denominational               religious               services,               "[correspond...]               with               religious               leaders,               observe               dietary               laws,               and               obtain               and               wear               and               use               religious               paraphernalia"               (Mc               Shane,               73).

prisoners               are               sometimes               crippled               in               their               search               for               support               when               it               comes               to               religion.

Yet,               the               system               fails               to               provide               adequate               religious               programs               for               non-main               stream               religions.
               There               are               more               than               two               hundred               religions               practiced               in               the               world               (Religious               Movement).

At               this               time               only               twenty-two               specific               religions               are               recognized               by               the               prison               system               and               the               majority               are               Christian               based               (DOC               Guide,               57).

America               continues               to               become               more               and               more               diverse               as               members               from               other               countries               settle               in.

The               diversity               creates               a               multi-religious               society               with               that               in               mind,               "religious               discrimination               in               the               prison               system               is               on               a               continuous               downward               spiral.

All               the               chaplains               I               have               come               across               in               the               system               have               been               of               mainstream               faith"               (Anonymous               #3).

For               example,               Stafford               Creek               Correctional               Center               in               Aberdeen               Washington               has               Christian               ministers,               and               Monroe               SOU               has               a               Catholic               Nun               supervising               services.

(Anonymous               #3)               Although,               this               does               not               hold               precedence               by               its               self,               it               can               be               documented               that               the               farther               away               from               Christianity               an               inmate               is,               the               harder               it               is               to               receive               support               to               meet               religious               needs               (Mc               Shane,               73).

Do               not               misunderstand;               this               is               not               meant               to               put               down               Christianity               or               Christians               as               a               whole.

The               controversy               is               related               to               a               Christian               minister               being               placed               in               charge               of               the               spiritual               well               being               of               a               non-Christian               individual.
               Take               for               instance,               Paganism.

Spiritually               speaking,               it               is               one               of               the               oldest               faiths               still               practiced               today,               and               yet               pagans               (like               many               others               who               do               not               meet               the               government's               guidelines               for               religion)               are               not               given               the               freedom               to               practice               according               to               their               faith.

The               truth               is               that               paganism               is               not               even               recognized               as               a               religion               at               all.

Wicca,               a               form               of               Paganism               is               recognized,               but               Wicca               is               only               one               form               of               Paganism.

"Comparatively               speaking               Wicca               is               to               paganism               as               Catholicism               is               to               Christianity"               (Anonymous               #3).

Pagan               inmates               are               forced               to               classify               themselves               Wiccan               in               order               to               receive               any               sort               of               spiritual               counseling.

I               rather               doubt               Christians               as               a               whole,               would               appreciate               being               called               catholic,               and               yet               Pagan               discrimination               continues               to               happen.

There               are               just               too               many               differences               for               this               to               work.
               The               general               topic               has               come               to               a               head               in               many               conversations               I               have               overheard.

People               from               un-recognized               faiths               frequently               question               how               lawmakers               would               like               it               if               one               day               someone               came               around               and               stripped               them               of               their               Bibles,               Torahs,               and               Korans               or               if               someone               told               them               they               were               not               allowed               to               have               the               religious               items               and               materials               they               use               and               rely               on               daily.

They               question,               how               lawmakers               would               respond               if               they               were               told,               "I               am               sorry,               we               do               not               recognize               your               faith,               so               you               are               not               permitted               to               practice               it?"               This               is               exactly               how               non-mainstreamers               feel               when               they               are               told               their               religions               are               close               enough               and               can               be               lumped               into               one               title,               using               the               same               materials               to               practice.
               The               System               openly               breaks               the               law,               and               continuously               gets               away               with               religious               discrimination.

From               my               experience               and               others               I               have               spoken               to,               it's               not               unusual               for               an               inmate               to               be               transferred               after               a               formal               complaint               has               been               issued               concerning               religious               discrimination               (Anonymous               #3).

This               makes               it               harder               to               fight               for               a               person's               constitutional               right               to               Freedom               of               Religion.
               Does               The               System               Neglect               Family               Bonds?
               "I               miss               my               daddy               (mommy)."               "I               miss               my               Son               (daughter)."               "I               miss               my               husband               (wife/               significant               other)."               These               words               echo               from               the               lips               of               family               members               across               the               country               as               the               incarceration               rates               increase.

An               offenders               sentence               not               only               affects               the               person               who               is               incarcerated,               it               also               in               the               majority               of               cases,               deteriorates               the               family               unit.

Offenders               face               separation               anxiety,               fear               of               abandonment,               and               depression               that               often               leads               to               post               traumatic               stress               syndrome.

They               often               invert               the               anger               that               is               brought               on               by               guilty               feelings.

Family               members               also               face               separation               anxiety,               depression,               coupled               by               financial               crisis,               and               extreme               amounts               of               fear               that               incarceration               may               change               the               offender's               ability               to               function.

These               can               cause               sudden,               and               substantial               psychological               effects.

These               effects               often               emerge               immediately               and               lead               to               long-term               damage               (Sifakas               75).
               Children               are               silent               victims               when               parents               are               incarcerated.

There               is               a               common               belief               that               continual               contact               with               an               incarcerated               parent               is               against               the               child's               best               interest.

Records               show               that               75%               of               all               offenders               are               parents               and               that               54%               of               children               with               incarcerated               parents               are               being               denied               visitation               rights.

Basically,               1.5               million               American               children               suffer               from               parental               alienation               in               one-way               or               another               (Encyclopedia               76).

Children               have               no               control               over               the               circumstances.

They               do               not               understand               that               they               are               not               being               punished.

All               they               know               is               a               feeling               of               abandonment.

One               day               Mommy               or               Daddy               was               there               and               the               next               they               were               gone.

When               a               parent               is               incarcerated               a               child's               life               is               often               immersed               by               instability,               poverty,               abuse               or               neglect,               and               conflict.

These               children               often               suffer               from               severe               nightmares,               anxiety,               fear,               and               behavioral               and               emotional               problems.
               Even               when               children               are               allowed               to               visit               their               parent,               they               are               subjected               to               abnormal               rules               that               limit               a               child's               ability               to               bond               with               the               incarcerated               parent.

(Sifakas               45,               78)               There               are               typically               rules               concerning               play               that               most               children,               as               well               as               offenders,               find               over               whelming.

Rules               such               as               no               running,               no               piggyback               rides,               no               playing               horsy               on               the               parent's               knee.

Depending               on               their               age,               the               child               may               or               may               not               even               be               permitted               to               sit               on               their               parents               lap.

(Anonymous               #2)               Can               you               imagine               being               a               small               child               and               being               told               that               you               cannot               cuddle               with               mommy               or               daddy?

Incarceration               should               not               alienate               a               child's               bond               with               their               parent               unless               the               parent               has               abused               the               child.

Even               then               it               is               controversial,               because               most               child-victims               have               a               continued               desire               and               need               to               know               their               parent.
               Children               are               not               the               only               victims               of               incarceration.

While               offenders               are               incarcerated,               all               contact               is               monitored.

Phone               calls               are               taped.

Visitation               tables               bugged.

Mail               is               pre-read               and               censored.

Family               business               becomes               Government               business.

Marital               relations               suffer               greatly               as               the               communication               lines               split               apart.

Normal               interaction               is               limited               unless               offender               is               eligible               for               conjugal/               extended               family               visits.

For               those               who               may               not               know,               a               conjugal               visit               is               a               private               visit               between               a               husband               and               wife,               or               in               some               instances               between               complete               families.

These               visits               take               place               in               a               trailer               or               cottage               and               last               anywhere               between               twelve               to               seventy-two               hours.

While               together,               couples               can               take               part               in               semi-normal               family               activities               such               as               cooking               meals               (supplied               by               the               family),               board               games,               private               conversation,               television               viewing,               and               sexual               relations.

The               problem               is               that               only               offenders               who               were               married               before               arrest               for               the               current               crime               are               eligible               for               such               visits.

This               means               that               offenders               and               spouses               who               do               not               meet               these               criteria               are               denied               these               privileges.

These               couples               are               limited               to               a               simple               hug               and               kiss               before               and               after               a               typical               visit.
               Visitation,               in               it's               self,               can               be               quite               an               exasperating               experience.

From               the               moment               a               family               member               pulls               onto               the               lot               they               are               under               supervision.

You               press               buttons               so               that               guards               can               open               gates.

You               relinquish               your               dignity               to               pat               searches,               strip               searches,               contraband               laws               and               censorship.

They               tell               you               what               you               can               wear,               where               you               can               go,               whom               you               can               talk               to,               and               weather               you               can               freely               go               to               the               restroom.

Each               facility               creates               it's               own               rules.

For               example,               at               Stafford               Creek               Correctional               Center,               in               Aberdeen               Washington,               a               couple               can               hold               hands               over               the               table,               and               cross               legs               under               the               table               (to               create               a               closeness).

Visitors               can               wear               two               chains,               one               bracelet,               and               their               earrings.

Photos               are               offered               at               each               visit.

Where               as,               at               Monroe               SOU               in               Monroe,               Washington               crossing               legs               under               the               table               is               against               the               rules               and               may               cause               the               visit               to               end.

Monroe               is               far               stricter               concerning               the               dress               code               for               visitors,               but               is               more               relaxed               about               jewelry               and               photos               are               seldom               available               due               to               their               lack               of               photographer.

I               know               this               seems               superficial,               but               in               reality,               I               know,               it               is               uncomfortable               and               causes               the               family               member               to               experience               high               rates               of               emotional               distress.

This               distress               multiplies               when               visitation               isn't               available               at               all.
               Many               families               are               separated               by               financial               circumstances               while               their               love               ones               are               imprisoned.

Many               times,               an               individual               is               placed               several               hours               away               from               the               closest               family               member.

My               fiancé               for               instance,               is               incarcerated               at               Monroe               SOU,               approximately               an               hour               from               my               home.

I               do               not               have               a               car;               therefore,               I               do               not               have               the               transportation               necessary               to               visit               him               on               a               regular               weekly               schedule.

His               mother,               who               has               a               car,               lives               approximately               three               hours               away,               and               is               incapable               of               visiting               on               a               regular               basis               due               to               distance.

In               situations               such               as               these,               a               family               member               can               feel               over               whelming               levels               of               guilt,               depression,               and               turmoil.
               Telephone               correspondence               is               the               next               best               thing               to               physical               visitation,               even               if               it               is               monitored.

However,               this               is               a               costly               method               of               communication.

While               an               offender               is               incarcerated               in               a               Washington               prison,               they               must               make               collect               calls               if               they               want               to               phone               home.

The               family               member               who               accepts               the               charges               absorbs               this               cost.

A               twenty-minuet               call               in               state               costs               approximately               $7.00,               and               an               out               of               state               call               costs               $20.00.

At               one               time,               I               paid               $240.00               a               month               for               collect               calls               from               my               fiancé.

Those               phone               calls               were               not               only               emotionally               supportive               for               him,               but               necessary               for               my               emotional               well               being               as               well.

Sometimes               it               helps               to               hear               the               offender's               voice               even               if               it               is               a               high               price               to               pay               for               communication.
               In               order               to               ease               the               separation               caused               by               finances               and               distance,               Washington               Corrections               suggests               that               families               remain               in               contact               through               the               United               States               mail               (DOC               Guide               35).

The               thing               that               most               people               do               not               know               is               that               their               mail               service               is               sorely               under               staffed               and               it               can               take               two               weeks               to               receive               a               response               to               one               letter.

Officials               inspect               the               incoming               letters               for               contraband.

(DOC               Guide               35)               I               can               understand               the               need               to               inspect               envelopes               for               items               and               escape               plans,               but               they               take               the               inspections               much               farther               than               that.

Contraband               can               consist               of               mere               words               including               sexual               conversation               between               a               husband               and               wife.

It               can               consist               of               photos               (Vagina,               penis,               or               insertion               photos               are               contraband;               breast               and               anus               photos               are               not).

Again               this               is               another               way               that               the               system               causes               deterioration               of               intimate               relationships.

In               order               for               a               healthy               relationship               to               continue,               a               couple               needs               completely               open               communication               thus               being               something               the               system               does               not               allow               by               written               correspondence.
               The               family               unit               has               an               extremely               important               role               in               an               offender's               success               rate               (DOC               Guide               index).

Family               support               may               come               in               many               forms;               however,               in               the               majority               of               cases               family               bonds               tend               to               become               broken               during               the               first               couple               years               of               incarceration.

As               families               face               financial               and               emotional               crisis               it               limits               their               ability               to               accept               phone               calls,               write               letters               and               above               all,               most               importantly,               their               ability               to               communicate               in               person               because               correctional               centers               are               generally               placed               in               rural               areas               far               away               from               larger               cities.

It               takes               money               to               commute.

Money               that               is               scarce               when               the               offender               is               not               there               to               support               his               or               her               family.

The               same               money               that               it               requires               to               accept               phone               calls,               or               finance               an               offenders               and               their               family's               personal               needs.

There               isn't               a               simple               answer.

However               the               system               could               focus               more               extensively               on               family               bonds               in               general.

They               could               establish               family               counseling,               marital               counseling,               and               personal               counseling               to               help               the               offenders               and               their               families               cope               with               the               dilemma               concerning               incarceration.

They               could               allow               offenders               to               purchase               prepaid               calling               cards               or               establish               an               incoming               phone               line               for               families               to               communicate.

They               could               recognize               that               in               today's               society               marriage               is               more               than               a               piece               of               paper.
               Over               all,               Incarceration               should               not               mean               the               relinquishment               of               parental,               spousal               obligations,               commitments,               or               concerns.

Offenders               and               their               families               have               a               continual               desire               to               maintain               family               bonds.

The               more               personal               bonds               an               offender               has;               the               less               likely               they               will               return               to               an               active               life               of               crime.

(Encyclopedia               76-80)
               Are               Prisons               Institutions               of               Crime?
               "Some               inmates               view               prison               like               a               graduate               from               an               educational               institution               would.

They               are               apart               of               a               special               alumni               association"               (Anonymous               #2).

"From               the               moment               an               inmate               enters               the               unit,               they               are               indirectly               forced               into               situations               that               may               not               be               criminal               themselves,               yet               forces               the               inmate               to               look               away               from               criminal               activity               going               on               around               them."               (Anonymous               #3)               Most               facilities               place               inmates               in               general               population               facilities.

This               means               that               prisoners               with               comparatively               minor               charges               are               mixed               with               the               more               hardened               criminals.

This               is               a               disadvantage               for               society,               because               the               minor               offender               then               learns               new               criminal               skills               from               his               or               her               peers.

If               people               are               drawn               to               others               with               similar               interests               then               wouldn't               it               be               logical               to               say               that               Prisons               breed               criminal               behavior?

When               public               heavily               sways               towards               harsher               punishment               they               are               actually               inspiring               criminal               behavior               instead               of               eliminating               it.

The               over               all-purpose               of               prison               is               to               punish               the               guilty.

It               is               not               to               educate               them               with               newer               criminal               skills.

Would               it               really               be               that               hard               for               the               system               to               separate               the               two               styles               of               offenders?
               The               second               repercussion               of               mixing               offenders               includes               offender               brutality               against               one               another.

Beatings,               rapes,               stabbing,               and               other               forms               of               physical               abuse               are               more               possible               when               a               hardened               criminal               is               allowed               in               common               areas.

Inmates               face               abuse               at               the               hands               of               other               inmates.

Their               defenses               are               stripped               away               and               lives               are               placed               in               danger.

Danger               comes               in               many               forms.

Activities               including               one               inmate               being               told               to               partake               in               an               abuse               of               another,               watch               as               a               form               of               abuse               happens,               sits               in               a               wrong               section               of               the               dining               hall,               or               worse               has               the               wrong               charges.

Maybe               the               individual               accidentally               bumps               the               hardened               criminal               while               waiting               in               line.

All               the               above               issues               seem               relatively               simple,               but               are               common               situations               that               may               get               an               inmate               hurt               or               worse               killed.

The               victim               can               take               their               issues               to               the               authorities.

This               places               the               inmate               in               worse               danger               (Anonymous               #1,2,3).
               The               label               "Nark"               is               not               taken               lightly.

The               title               means               that               an               individual               is               untrustworthy.

It               means               that               they               are               a               danger               to               the               group.

If               the               reporting               individual               or               Nark               is               lucky               and               spared               a               beating,               he               or               she               will               be               placed               into               protective               custody.

Protective               custody               is               better               known               to               the               prison               society               as               P.C.

Even               on               P.C.

the               inmate               is               not               without               harm.

While               there               they               ultimately               suffer               again.

As               long               as               they               reside               in               the               prison               system               they               face               the               possibility               that               they               will               come               across               another               inmate               who               will               remember               the               deed.

When               this               happens               they               are               again               placed               in               danger               and               again               placed               in               protective               custody               (Anonymous               #1,2,3).
               When               an               inmate               enters               P.C.,               they               are               not               the               only               one               to               suffer.

Their               family               and               friends               are               affected,               and               they               suffer               too.

While               on               P.C.,               the               inmate               can               receive               only               visitors               who               are               immediate               family.

Immediate               family               includes               mothers,               fathers,               wives,               husbands,               and               children               (Anonymous               #1,2,3).

This               neglects               the               needs               of               close               friends,               unmarried               couples,               and               more               distant               relatives               (cousins,               grandparents,               etc.).

Sometimes               these               people               are               the               only               true               support               system               the               inmate               has.

Therefore               they               are               forced               to               choose               between               safety               and               contact               with               their               family.

Most               inmates               prefer               to               take               their               chances               (Anonymous               #1,2,3).
               Conclusion
               Inmates               in               general               need               to               be               shown               how               to               improve               their               lives.

The               psychological,               Strain,               and               Social               Bond               Theories               all               suggest               that               criminal               behavior               is               some               how               influenced.

At               least               95%               of               all               State               prisoners               will               be               released               from               prison               at               some               point"               (Reentry               Trends).

Currently               inmates               do               not               face               the               type               of               circumstances               that               will               warrant               positive               changes               in               behavior.

The               system               separates               the               offender               from               support               systems               and               then               neglects               their               physical,               emotional,               and               psychological               needs.

This               technique               does               nothing               except               creates               depressed,               unstable               individuals.

Between               1983               and               1994,               when               the               re-offense               rate               was               approximately               74%               for               burglary,               74%               for               robbery,               78%               for               vehicular               theft,               and               72%               for               the               selling               of               illegal               weapons               (Reentry               Trends).

Isn't               it               obvious               that               there               are               changes               that               need               to               be               made               to               reduce               the               over               all               re-offense               rate.

Shouldn't               we               take               rehabilitation               a               little               more               seriously?
               The               average               American               citizen               can               stop               the               abuse,               neglect,               and               discrimination               currently               taking               place               in               the               United               States               Prison               System.

Families               and               inmates               suggest               that               citizens               become               involved.

They               suggest               that               you               write               your               local               legislator,               form               groups,               send               letters               to               the               media,               or               contact               existing               support               groups               and               offer               your               assistance.

There               are               many               Prison               Support               Groups               online.

For               the               most               part,               you               don't               even               have               to               leave               the               comfort               of               your               own               home.
               Regular               citizens               can               peacefully               force               change               when               they               try.

Take               a               look               at               situations               such               as               civil               rights,               women's               rights,               and               sexual               rights.

In               each               case,               ordinary               people               stopped               abusive               situations.

We               (the               tax               payers)               pay               the               Government               officials               to               represent               our               voices               when               they               make               decisions.

The               American               public               has               a               responsibility               to               its               citizens.

We               have               a               responsibility               to               mankind               as               a               whole.

We,               the               people,               must               learn               to               educate,               reform,               and               stop               allowing               individuals               in               the               prison               system               to               exist               in               the               conditions               they               face               in               order               to               increase               the               safety               rate               for               our               families.

These               people               will               return               to               society               and               will               become               our               neighbors;               whether               we               like               it               or               not.

It's               our               job               to               assure               the               safety               of               the               society               they               will               become               apart               of.

Would               you               prefer               to               have               a               reformed               convict               living               in               your               neighborhood               or               someone               who               never               received               the               services               to               guarantee               their               ability               to               succeed?

It's               your               choice,               what               is               your               discussion?
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               Geneva               Convention               relative               to               the               Protection               of               Civilian               Persons               in               Time               of               War.
               Office               of               the               Higher               Commissioner               for               Human               Rights.

Article               3(2),               Article               16               and               17,               Chapter               IV.

Hygiene               and               Medical               Attention               Article               91               Online.

1               Feb               2005
               Hartman,               Kenneth.

San               Diego               Union               Tribune               Web               Site.

2               July               1995
               Herman,               Peter.

The               American               Prison               System.

The               Reference               Shelf               Vol               .73.

Number               5.
               The               H.W.

Wilson               Company.

2001
               Kanapaux,               William               "Vol               XXI               Issue               1"               The               Psychiatric               Times               Jan               2004.
               Kohl-Welles,               Jeanne               Educating               Inmates               Is               Worth               The               Investment.
               Seattle               Press               On-               Line               20               June               2002
               "Landlords'               Obligations               and               Tenants'               Rights"               The               Tenants               UnionWeb               Site.

29               Jan               2005.
               Langan,               Patrick,               and               David               Levin               "Recidivism               in               1994."
               Bureau               of               Justice               Special               Report               Online.

NCJ               193427.

June               2002.

31               Jan.

2005
               Mc               Shane,               Marilyn               and               Frank               Williams.

"American               Prisons."
               Garland               Publishing               Inc.

NY               and               London.

1996.
               Montgomery,               Jessica.

Peer               Survey.

Highline               Community               College,               2005.
               "Reentry               Trends               in               the               United               States."               The               U.S               Department               of               Justice,
               Bureau               of               Statistics               Web               Site.

Last               Revised               2               June               2002
               "Reentry               Trends               in               the               United               States."               The               U.S               Department               of               Justice,
               Bureau               of               Statistics               Web               Site.

Last               Revised               25               Oct.

2002
               "Religious               Movement"               University               of               Virginia.

Last               Revised               27               March               2004
               Scott,               Cathy.

Crime               and               Punishment               Web               Site.

29               Jan.

2005
               http://lasvegascitylife.com/articles/2003/05/01/crime_punishment/news5crime.prt
               State               Of               Washington,               Department               Of               Corrections.

Web               Site.

1               Feb.

2005
               http://www.doc.wa.gov/home.asp
               "Transaction               of               the               National               Congress               of               Pentitentry               and               Reformatory               Discipline".
               Cincinnati,               Ohio.

12-18               October               1870.






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